In the wild, a number of predators exist in freshwater catfish's range that can eat them; these vary by region and by the size of the catfish themselves, as well as with the environment in which the catfish live. Following are some of the main predators which may attack freshwater catfish:
1. Larger Fish
Other Predatory Fish
Most larger predatory fish, especially largemouth bass, pike and walleye, may be predaceous upon smaller or juvenile catfish. Some catfish species, at certain times of their life cycles, may fall prey to other predators.
Other Catfish Species
In a few instances, larger species of catfish may eat smaller or juvenile catfish, including the blue catfish and flathead catfish.
2. Birds
Herons
Great blue herons are large wading birds that are highly efficient in catching fish, including freshwater catfish, especially in shallow waters. Kingfishers: Small birds, including kingfishers, might also catch and eat the smaller catfish, mainly in rivers and streams. 3. Reptiles Turtles: Large snapping turtles or other freshwater turtles may be opportunistic predators and could eat catfish, especially if the catfish is weakened or small.
Crocodiles/Alligators:
Where freshwater catfish share a habitat with larger reptiles, such as alligators in southern U.S. waterways, the reptiles may well consider catfish as part of their diet, especially for larger species.
4. Mammals
Otters
Bears
In some freshwater environments, especially those near rivers and lakes, bears may catch and eat catfish, particularly during spawning seasons when fish are abundant.
5. Humans
Fishermen
People are major predators of freshwater catfish, especially the popular sport and commercial fish like channel catfish and blue catfish.
6. Invertebrates
Crayfish
Smaller catfish, such as juveniles, can easily fall prey to crayfish or other large aquatic invertebrates with grasping capabilities for fish in suitable environments.
Vulnerability by Size
Juvenile Catfish: Smaller or young catfish are more vulnerable to be preyed upon by fish, birds, and other water animals. Adult Catfish: The larger, adult catfish are usually less vulnerable because of their size and the defense mechanisms developed in them. However, they can be preyed upon by large predatory fish, birds of prey, or even humans. Summary
They are prey for many larger fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals. Most of the predation is against the smaller or juvenile catfish; the bigger a fish gets, the more its natural defenses-a function of size and behavior in particular-make it difficult to be a source of food, though large predators or even humans can still feed on them.